Your gums perform a number of tasks, including helping secure your teeth in place. One of the most important functions of gum tissue is creating a barrier between the environment within your mouth and your bloodstream.
Gum disease develops when your gum tissue becomes infected. As bacteria enter your gums and begin to multiply, your body responds with swelling. This inflammation often makes your gum tissue pull away from the surface of your teeth, allowing bacteria to enter your system, where it can do widespread harm.
The early stage of gum disease, called gingivitis, is reversible with proper care. Left untreated, gingivitis often develops into periodontitis, which is a serious form of gum infection that requires professional treatment to heal properly.